编号 lyqk009603

中文标题 1949年以来中国林业管理体系变迁及国际比较

作者 张旭峰  孟贵  吴水荣  余洋婷  朱安明 

作者单位 1 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所 北京 100091;
2 河北省自然?；さ叵钅坑胍吧参锉；ぶ行?石家庄 050081;
3 国家林业和草原局华东调查规划设计院 杭州 310019

期刊名称 林草政策研究 

年份 2021 

卷号 1

期号 1

栏目名称 实证分析 

中文摘要 中华人民共和国成立至今，中国林业发展取得了巨大成就，林业管理制度与治理体系在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。文中从中国国家林业管理部门及其变迁、国家林业管理纵向体系、国家林业部门行政主官的政治维度几个方面展开分析，旨在全面揭示1949年以来中国林业管理体系的发展演变；同时，与美国、德国林业管理体系做简要对比，以期寻求共识为林业治理体系现代化建设提供有益参考。研究表明：中国国家林业管理部门在70年里数次变迁，前期较为频繁，后期逐渐稳定；其变迁历程基本与中国社会经济体制改革过程相适应，宏观调控职能不断凸显，直接市场干预逐渐弱化；核心工作职责从经济生产逐步转向生态建设，从单一森林生态系统转变为三大生态系统一个生物多样性；以独立管理林业事务为主，但近年来不断向自然资源统筹管理体系融入；林业管理结构整体保持条块结合不变，但从条条为主转变为以块为主；纵向体系基本稳定，依托于国家行政区划层级从中央向地方、基层不断延伸，从上到下的政策传导机制非常成熟，占有主导地位；从下到上的反馈机制与从外到内的建言献策机制逐步发展；行政主官的政治维度相对稳定，在一定程度上稳定地保障了林业在国家宏观决策中的相对重要性。与国际林业管理体系的比较表明，在当前可持续发展的全球背景下，林业资源管理呈现出向自然资源整体管理整合或向生态管理融入的趋势。该研究可为中国林业治理体系现代化建设提供有益参考。

关键词 林业管理  变迁  政治维度  国际比较  中国 

基金项目 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目绿水青山就是金山银山有效实现途径研究（CAFYBB2020MC002）

英文标题 Evolution and International Comparison of China's Forestry Management System Since 1949

作者英文名 Zhang Xufeng, Meng Gui, Wu Shuirong, Yu Yangting, Zhu Anming

单位英文名 1 Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
2 Nature Reserve Projects and Fauna and Flora Conservation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;
3 East China Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 310019, China

英文摘要 Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has made great achievements in the development of forestry, in which forestry management and governance systems have been playing an important role. In order to fully reveal the development and evolution of China's forestry management system since 1949, this paper analyzed China's national forestry management departments and their changes, the vertical system of national forestry management, and the political dimension of the chief executive of national forestry departments. In addition, the paper made a brief comparison with the forestry management systems of the United States and Germany, in order to seek consensus and provide a useful reference for the modernization of forestry management system. The study shows that the national forestry management departments of China have changed several times in the past 70 years with frequent changes in the early period and gradually being stable in the later period. The process of its change is basically in line with the process of China's social and economic system reform, the function of macro-control is increasingly prominent, and the direct market intervention is gradually weakened. The core responsibilities have gradually shifted from economic production to ecological construction, from a single forest ecosystem to three ecosystems and one biodiversity. It mainly manages forestry affairs independently, but in recent years it has been integrated into the overall management system of natural resources. The forestry management structure in China maintains the combination of vertical and horizontal administration, but it has changed from the vertical one as the major to the horizontal one as the major. The vertical system is basically stable with the continuous extension of the national administrative divisions from the central government to the local and grassroots level. The policy transmission mechanism from the top to the bottom is very mature and taking a dominant position. At the same time, the feedback mechanism from bottom to top and the suggestion mechanism from outside to inside are gradually developed. The political dimension of the chief executive is relatively stable, which ensures the relative importance of forestry in national macro decision-making to a certain extent. In addition, the comparison with the international forestry management system shows that in the current global context of sustainable development, forest resource management tends to be integrated into the natural resources management or the ecological management. This study can provide a useful reference for the modernization of China's forestry management system.

英文关键词 forestry management;evolution;political dimension;international comparison;China

起始页码 55

截止页码 62

投稿时间 2021/1/31

作者简介 张旭峰(1991-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为森林资源管理与环境经济学。E-mail:xufengzhang010@163.com

通讯作者介绍 吴水荣(1974-),女,博士,研究员,研究方向为森林资源与环境经济、森林多目标经营管理、气候变化林业政策。E-mail:wushuirong@caf.ac.cn

E-mail wushuirong@caf.ac.cn

分类号 F326.2

DOI 10.12344/lczcyj.2021.01.31.0001

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