编号 lyqk011807

中文标题 以自然体验为导向的儿童友好活动空间循证设计

作者 白洁  张文正  徐美红  许涛  王苗 

作者单位 1. 天津大学建筑学院 天津 30007;
2. 天津大学东方景观与遗产研究中心 天津 300072;
3. 上海深圳奥雅园林设计有限公司 上海 200052

期刊名称 中国城市林业 

年份 2025 

卷号 23

期号 1

栏目名称 专题：自然教育 

中文摘要 城市化加速导致儿童接触自然的机会减少,“自然缺失症”现象日益明显。为激发儿童对自然和乡土文化的热爱,文章基于亲自然设计理论,构建并验证自然体验导向的儿童友好活动空间设计指标体系,该体系从直接、间接和象征3个维度出发,结合Kellert理论,提出13个属性因子,并通过专家打分法和层次分析法确定权重;以广东江门市新会区“精灵鸟理想国儿童乐园”为例,通过?；ぷ匀弧⒂熳匀怀∷徒柚魈釯P激发想象力等策略,实现了儿童与自然的深度互动。结果表明:直接自然体验(如生物多样性)权重最高,间接(如诱惑力)和象征(如抽象表达)自然体验起辅助作用;整体设计效果良好(总分0.8426),有助于促进儿童身心健康,培养自然情感和环保意识,但生物多样性等因子仍有提升空间。总体而言,通过“研究-实践-反馈”的循证设计模式,为儿童友好城市建设提供了科学路径,未来可进一步探索自然体验的消极效应及应对策略,以优化儿童与自然的互动体验。

关键词 自然体验  儿童友好活动空间  层次分析法  全生命周期设计  循证设计 

基金项目 国家留学基金项目(202106255013、202106255014)

英文标题 Evidence-Based Design of Children-Friendly Activity Space Oriented Towards Nature Experience

作者英文名 Bai Jie, Zhang Wenzheng, Xu Meihong, Xu Tao, Wang Miao

单位英文名 1. School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
2. Oriental Landscape and Heritage Research Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
3. Shanghai Shenzhen Aoya Garden Design Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200052, China

英文摘要 As the accelerating urbanization results in a significant reduction in children's opportunities to engage with nature, the phenomenon of Nature Deficit Disorder has become increasingly evident. To foster children's affection for nature and local culture, this study, grounded in the theory of biophilic design, constructs and validates a design index system for children-friendly activity spaces oriented towards natural experiences. This system, derived from three dimensions—direct, indirect, and symbolic—and integrated with Kellert's theory, proposes 13 attribute factors. The weights of these factors are determined through expert scoring and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Taking the Fairy Bird Utopia Children's Park in Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, as a case study, the strategies such as preserving nature, creating natural spaces, and utilizing thematic IPs to stimulate imagination are taken to facilitate close interactions between children and nature. The results indicate that direct natural experiences (e.g., biodiversity) carry the highest weight, while indirect (e.g., attraction) and symbolic (e.g., abstract expression) natural experiences play supportive roles. The overall design is commendable in effect (total score at 0.8426), contributing to the promotion of children's physical and mental health as well as to the cultivation of their natural emotions and environmental awareness. However, there remains room for improvement in factors such as biodiversity. In conclusion, through the evidence-based design model of research-practice-feedback, this study provides a scientific pathway for the development of children-friendly cities. Future research could further explore the negative effects of natural experiences and the corresponding strategies to optimize the interactive experiences between children and nature.

英文关键词 natural experience;children-friendly activity space;Analytic Hierarchy Process;lifecycle design;evidence-based design

起始页码 111

截止页码 118

投稿时间 2024/5/1

作者简介 白洁(1982-),女,博士生,讲师,研究方向为文化景观与景观遗产?；?。E-mail:bj1020@163.com

通讯作者介绍 许涛(1987-),男,博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为景观生态规划,景观遗产保护。E-mail:tao.xu@tju.edu.cn

E-mail tao.xu@tju.edu.cn

DOI 10.12169/zgcsly.2024.05.01.0001

参考文献 [1] 林瑛,周栋.儿童友好型城市开放空间规划与设计:国外儿童友好型城市开放空间的启示[J].现代城市研究,2014,29(11):36-41.
[2] 孟兆阳,张斌.欧洲儿童友好型社区空间对我国的启示[C]//2018城市发展与规划论文集.北京:中国城市出版社,2018.
[3] 孟雪,李玲玲,付本臣.国外儿童友好城市规划实践经验及启示[J].城市问题,2020,39(3):95-103.
[4] 吉倩妘,李经纬,周梦茹,等.国际儿童友好城市建设研究的焦点及路径[J].规划师,2024,40(1):1-9.
[5] 联合国儿童基金会.儿童友好型城市规划手册:为孩子营造美好城市[M].联合国儿童基金会,2019.
[6] SOGA M,GASTON K J.Extinction of experience:the loss of human-nature interactions[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2016,14(2):94-101.
[7] PRÉVOT A C,CLAYTON S,MATHEVET R.The relationship of childhood upbringing and university degree program to environmental identity:experience in nature matters[J].Environmental Education Research,2018,24(2):263-279.
[8] 林广思,吴安格,蔡珂依.场所依恋研究:概念、进展和趋势[J].中国园林,2019,35(10):63-66.
[9] 张珂烨,左孟杰,耿柳娜.走进大自然:自然体验及其积极效应[J].心理科学,2021,44(6):1469-1475.
[10] BRATMAN G N,ANDERSON C B,BERMAN M G,et al.Nature and mental health:an ecosystem service perspective[J].Science Advances,2019,5(7):0903.
[11] HARTIG T,VAN DEN BERG A E,HAGERHALL C M,et al.Health benefits of nature experience:psychological,social and cultural processes[M]//Forests,Trees and Human Health.Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,2010:127-168.
[12] 马彦红,陈曦,朱捷,等.亲生命性城市自然营建的方法探究:基于亲生命性美学认知及其景观空间载体解析的研究视角[J].中国园林,2021,37(7):77-82.
[13] 王云才,卢星昊,王若静.上海市杨浦区校园及上下学沿途环境自然教育潜力评价[J].中国城市林业,2023,21(2):1-9.
[14] 林芷珊,林广思.基于可供性理论的儿童友好型开放空间研究现状与展望[J].风景园林,2022,29(2):71-77.
[15] 张秦英,田靖雯,赵琳瑄,等.高密度城区儿童亲自然属性评价研究[J].景观设计,2023,22(4):22-25.
[16] 殷利华,牛紫涵,彭越,等.武汉市中学校园自然教育景观设计要素:基于结构方程模型分析[J].中国城市林业,2023,21(4):94-101.
[17] 刘尔希.基于循证理论的社区卫生服务中心适幼性?？檠芯縖J].南方建筑,2018,38(4):4-10.
[18] 郭庭鸿,董靓,孙钦花.设计与实证康复景观的循证设计方法探析[J].风景园林,2015,22(9):106-112.
[19] BEATLEY T[M].干靓,姚雪艳,丁宇新,译.亲自然城市规划设计手册[M].上海:上?？蒲Ъ际醭霭嫔?2018.
[20] 斯蒂芬·R·凯勒特.生命的栖居:设计并理解人与自然的关系[M].朱强,刘英,俞来雷,等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[21] KELLERT S R,CALABRESE E F.The practice of biophilic design[EB/OL].https://www.biophilic-design.com/_files/ugd/21459d_81ccb84caf6d4bee8195f9b5af92d8f4.pdf.
[22] KELLERT S R,HEERWAGEN J,MADOR M.Biophilic design:the theory,science,and practice of bringing buildings to life[M].Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons,2011.
[23] 王潮,张秦英,王海岩.童年自然体验的代际变化[J].中国城市林业,2021,19(3):37-42.
[24] 王霞,陈甜甜,林广思.自然元素在中国城市公园儿童游戏空间设计中的应用调查研究[J].国际城市规划,2021,36(1):40-46.
[25] SOGA M,GASTON K J,YAMAURA Y,et al.Both direct and vicarious experiences of nature affect children's willingness to conserve biodiversity[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(6):529.
[26] ABDULLAH M,WAN ALI W N A,GHANI I.Exploring the elements of natural landscape character in engaging children with their natural environment[J].Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal,2017,2(5):209-214.
[27] KELLERT S R.Experiencing nature:Affective,cognitive,and evaluative development in children[M].KAHN P,KELLERT S.Children and nature:psychological,sociocultural,and evolutionary investigations.Cambridge:MIT Press,2002.
[28] HEERWAGEN J,ORIANS G.The ecological world of children[M].KAHN P,KELLERT S.Children and nature:psychological,sociocultural,and evolutionary investigations.Cambridge:MIT Press,2002.
[29] 赵琳瑄.城市绿地条件下儿童亲自然状况研究:以天津市为例[D].天津:天津大学,2018.
[30] MOORE R.Collaborating with young people to assess their landscape values[J].Ekistics,1980,47(281):128-135.
[31] 杨文静,石玲.儿童感知视角下的自然教育体验[J].中国城市林业,2020,18(6):73-77.
[32] 汤辉,朱凯,Thompson I.英国文化遗产活动干预与城市儿童健康关联性循证研究[J].城市发展研究,2020,27(10):87-95.
[33] WEi景观设计.大树学园:深圳坪山儿童公园[J].风景园林,2023,30(7):60-65.
[34] 李爽.浅谈儿童友好型公园的规划设计[J].中国园林,2021,37(增刊1):80-84.

PDF全文 浏览全文